The environment is a victim of various armed conflicts that occur in some parts of the world. Such as Congo war in 1998 that create environmental damage like deployment of the HIV-AIDS virus, the extinction of national parks, wildlife poaching and the forest burning. In addition the Rwanda civil war in 1994 affected the loss of biodiversity, natural resources and population decline in rare animals such as the African Gorillas. While the former Yugoslavia war in 1991 that impact in environmental pollution of water, air and land that threaten human survival.The environment becomes a victim when the war was happend its caused the human, but on the other side, the environment can’t be separated from human life because somehow humans need the environment to.
However, when the war was happend human can’t maintaining the environment even though there have been rules that regulate about the protection of the environment when the war takes place. Therefore, its necessary to analysed an environmental protection in armed conflict according to international humanitarian law.This research is discusses about how an environmental protection in armed conflict according to international humanitarian law, which aims to explain the regulations that apply to protect the environment at the armed conflict. This research uses normative law approach (literature research).The results of this study show that environmental protection in armed conflict is regulated in the conventions of international humanitarian law both from the Hague Law and the Geneva Law. In The Hague law the environmental protection is governed by the IV Hague Convention 1907of respecting the laws and customs of war and land Art 23 (g) and Art 55. In the Geneva Law an environmental protection is contained in the IV Geneva Convention 1949 Art 53 and Additional Protocol I in 1977 Art 35 (3), 54, 55, 56, 59, and Art 68.
Basically both of Geneva and Hague Law against the use of weapons during the war that have an effected in environmental damage and the existence of precautions in the war on environmental protection life. Beside the Geneva and the Hague Law there are have other arrangements to protect the environment in the event of a war that is in ENMOD Convention Art 1 and 2. Book Alexander Kiss and Dinah Ashelton, 2007. Guide to International Protection Law.
Sumber hukum Internasional jika dibedakan berdasarkan sifat daya ikatnya maka dapat dibedakan menjadi sumber hukum primer dan sumber hukum subsider. Sumber hukum primer adalah sumber hukum yang sifatnya paling utama artinya sumber hukum ini dapat berdiri sendiri-sendiri meskipun tanpa keberadaan sumber hukum yang lain. Hukum kemanusiaan internasional, hukum humaniter internasional (HHI), yang sering kali juga disebut sebagai hukum konflik bersenjata (bahasa Inggris: international humanitarian law), adalah batang tubuh hukum yang mencakup Konvensi Jenewa dan Konvensi Den Haag beserta perjanjian-perjanjian, yurisprudensi, dan hukum kebiasaan internasional yang mengikutinya.
Boston: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Arnold, Robert. International Humanitarian Law dan Human Rights Law. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publisher C. De Rover, 2000. To Serve and To Protect Acuan Universal Penegakan HAM. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada Djatikoesoemo. Hukum Internasional Bagian Perang, N.V.
Jakarta:Pemandangan Djakarta Haryomataram. Pengantar Hukum Humaniter.
Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Nasution, Adnan Buyung, 2006. Instrumen Pokok Hak Asasi Manusia.
Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia Permanasari, Arlina. Pengantar Hukum Humaniter. Jakarta: Miamita Print Rhiti, Hyronimus. Kompleksitas Permasalahan Lingkungan Hidup, Yogyakarta: Andy Offset, Rurherford, Paul. Weapons of Mass Persuasion, Toronto: University of Toronto Press Siswanto, Arie. Hukum Pidana Internasional. Yogyakarta: Andi Wardoyo, Broto.
Perkembangan, Paradigma, dan Konsep Keamanan Internasional & Relevansinya untuk Indonesia. Klaten: Nugra Media Westing, Arthur H. Cultural Norm, War and the Environment.
![Internasional Internasional](/uploads/1/2/5/4/125411191/341785911.jpg)
New York: Oxford University Press. Journals, Articles and Other Internet Resources F.Kalshoven, 1978, Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts: The Diplomatic Conference”, Geneva, 1974-1977 (PartII), Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, vol.9 Harry Purwanto, 2006, “Hukum Humaniter Internasional dan Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia”, Jurnal Mimbar Hukum, Vol. 18, No.2 Jean-Marie Henckaerts, 2005, Studi (kajian) tentang Hukum Humaniter Internasional Kebiasaan: Sebuah sumbangan bagi pemahaman dan penghormatan terhadap tertib hukum dalam konflik bersenjata, Jakarta, Vol. 87 Nessia Marga Letta, 2012, Analisis Pengaturan Internasional tentang “Prinsip Maksud Damai” dan bentuk Penerapannya Dalam Kegiatan Antariksa, “Journal Analisis dan Informasi Kedirgantaraan”, Vol.9, No.1 Peter Richard & Michael N.Schmitt, 1999, “ Mars Meets Mother Nature: Protecting the Environment During Armed Conflict”, Stetson Law Review, Vol.
![Humaniter Humaniter](/uploads/1/2/5/4/125411191/354705512.jpg)
The defamation of minority ethnics and groups by the authority and the majority has been exposed by the media throughout history. This condition is contrary to the Islamic concept of rahmatan lil’alamin. The concept will not be materialized if the expert of humanitarian law does not involve in the formulation of Islamic humanitarian law. This topic is proposed by the author to persuade the expert of Islamic law to be more active in exploring the concept of prosperous life according to Islam. The author does not explore the topic from legal point of view but rather from historical point of view that crime and genocide has colored global life. If this condition is not addressed immediately and appropriately, we should concern that misguidance will be always characterized our life.
Persuading humanitarian law expert is a scientist contribution to create a prosperous life and prevent a conflict. International humanitarian law is a part of international law consisting of diplomatic law, maritime law, law of international treaty, and space law.
Due to its significance, it necessitates Islam to coloring humanitarian law. Islam may contribute to humanitarian law through the expert of Islamic law. Islam may be used as a frame of humanitarian law because it establishes a world full of compassion without any form of discrimination.